GENETIC TESTING CAN OFFER BREEDERS CLARITY
HOW CAN MY DOG HAVE A DISEASE THAT IS NOT LISTED ON THE OFA SITE? Another great question that often needs clarification. A genetic test is almost always published as having an asso- ciation with a breed, i.e., it has been scientifically validated for a specific breed. This tends to create some confusion, as a disease may be seen across a great deal of breeds but the genetic test is not relevant to most of those breeds. A perfect example is cataracts. The genetic test is only of relevance to the French Bulldog, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, Boston Ter- rier, Australian Shepherd, and any mixes or varieties of these types. But here is where the confusion comes in, a breed of dog other than those listed above, can be affected by cata- racts but will test negative for the disease because the test is not genetically relevant. WHAT HAPPENS IF I GET A DOG TESTED AND IT COMES BACK AS POSITIVE OR A CARRIER FOR A DISEASE THAT WASN’T PREVIOUSLY AVAILABLE FOR TESTING? Over the last 20 years, the technology and genetic offer- ings have changed dramatically! The number of genetic tests has grown exponentially from the first and only genetic test available in 1989*, which was for Hemophilia in the Cairn Terrier, to approximately 130 genetic diseases in 2003, to now over 344 genetic diseases (as listed on the OMIA site as of March 2024). Unfortunately what you have bred cannot be changed or corrected, the pups have gone. It’s about what you can and need to do for the next litter. Just be sure to take the initiative to research the disease before breeding, as they can be com- plex, i.e., dominant or recessive mode. Dominant (inherit one copy of the gene from a parent) means that the offspring will have a 50 percent chance of being affected by the dis- ease. Recessive requires two copies of the gene (inherit one copy of the gene from each parent) to present. WHAT LIES AHEAD? Looking ahead, the genetic testing landscape continues to shift, with technological advancements leading to more comprehensive testing panels. However, the industry is also consolidating, with fewer laboratories operating. This change prompts discussions about the efficacy and necessity of expansive testing panels versus targeted, breed-specific tests. The huge commercial interest in phenotypic tests, from colors to furnishings, has been a real revelation in my time. When I first started, no one would pay $60 for any test to see whether their dog was EE or Ee. Today, it remains the first question they want to know. As Genetic George, I’m eager to engage with breeders regarding their experiences and perspectives about genetic testing. What do you feel is a pain point you have with genetic testing? What advance- ments or resources would you find helpful? What would you like to see in the future? Your insights on breed-specific data,
“LOOKING AHEAD, THE GENETIC TESTING
* Single base pair substitution of Factor IX (clotting) gene causing Hemophilia B in the Cairn Terrier. Disease: Hemophilia B - Coagulation Factor IX Deficiency - Mutation: c.1253G>A I am enthusiastic and keen to hear what you, the breeders, think. As we navigate this genetic journey, your feedback is crucial. Whether you’re a member of the “Uber generation,” with modern priorities, or someone who, like me, still prefers hailing a cab, I’m here to listen and learn. Let’s discuss how genetic testing can continue to benefit our beloved breeds. Please share your thoughts and feedback with me at: george@orivet.com. Together, let’s shape a future where every purebred dog not only looks the part but lives a long, healthy, and happy life, true to its breed and beyond. disease prevalence, and the growing interest in phenotypic tests, from coat colors to physical traits, are invaluable. LANDSCAPE CONTINUES TO SHIFT, WITH TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS LEADING TO MORE COMPREHENSIVE TESTING PANELS. HOWEVER, THE INDUSTRY IS ALSO CONSOLIDATING, WITH FEWER LABORATORIES OPERATING.”
ABOUT THE AUTHOR George Sofrondis is the Co-Founder of Orivet Genetic Pet Care, a leading genetic testing organization based in Australia. “Genetic George,” the Petentrepreneur, who has recently taken over the role as CEO in North America, focuses on creating innovations for breeders, veterinarians, and pet owners—all while enthusiastically educating on all the benefits of DNA testing, particularly the insight it brings to all animal enthusiasts.
122 | SHOWSIGHT MAGAZINE, MARCH 2024
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